ABSTRACT
The toxicological characteristics, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence of halogenated aromatic compounds (HACs) – a subset of persistent organic pollutants – pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health. These compounds are widely distributed across aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environments, exacerbated by human activities associated with industrialization and urbanization. HACs are linked to serious health risks in humans, including hormonal imbalances, DNA damage, and disruption of biological processes, which can lead to chronic health issues such as cancer, reproductive disorders, and immune dysfunction. Additionally, they have been associated with oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, chronic inflammation, and organ-specific toxicity. Addressing the risks posed by HACs has become a priority for both the scientific community and regulatory bodies at international and national levels, leading to the development of policies aimed at safe handling, transportation, and disposal. Effective remediation strategies, including bioremediation, thermal treatment, phytoremediation, and activated carbon treatment, are crucial in reducing HAC exposure and promoting sustainable industrial practices. This chapter will explore the risks, impacts, exposure pathways, and remediation techniques for managing HAC contamination.
