ABSTRACT
This article summarizes the progress made following the lessons taken during the International Summer School “After the Damages”, edition 2022.
In the context of risk analysis related to the effects of environmental and man-made disasters on existing built heritage and cultural heritage, it was decided to focus on the mitigation of these risk events.
We focus in particular on the advantage that the integration of BIM technology can bring in the field of the response to risk events and we use three case studies: the Galleria degli Uffuzi in Firenze, flood of 1966; Museo Boldini in Ferrara, Earthquake of 2012; the Museu National of Rio de Janeiro, fire in 2018. Of these three museum buildings, affected in the past by three different natural disasters, we analysed the damage and a hypothetical possible response and prevention to this damage that could have occurred with the integration of BIM technology.
Aware that it is not possible to cancel the risk factor, our research focused on mitigation and prevention actions using Building Information Modelling (BIM). The digital revolution in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC - Architecture, Engineering & Construction) has improved the analysis and management of buildings (Korte 2022). Thanks to the introduction of simulation and control tools, specifically Building Information Modelling (BIM), it was possible to switch from a 2D CAD vector representation to a 3D digital geometric of the building, more or less detailed depending on the level of detail (LOD), regulated by international standards, with reference to the UNI 11337 standard for Italy.
Therefore, the identification and elaboration of parametric objects, related to the different purposes of intervention that the project on the built heritage imposes, define, according to an approach of semantic segmentation, processes of classification o f geometric characteristics (LOD) and informative (LOI), intended as additional content, aimed at making the different levels of knowledge implemented accessible. Each element, object, is in this sense increased (Bianchini et al. 2021) because it is related to the characters and the material and intangible value of the artefact through the association to the quantities of descriptive fields and specific BIM parameters by default or customized. Today built heritage is the field of research on the application of new approaches where, as expressed by Malinverni et al. (2019) a structured digital 3D model as part of the process of improving the built and cultural heritage is an urgent need. The generation of intelligent models and digital archives that can accompany the management of architectural assets through the integration of advanced techniques of 3D relief and Historic Building Information Modelling - BIM used on historic buildings or heritage cultural (HBIM) becomes an essential added value for building lifecycle management (Banfi 2019). Therefore, we examine this topic in the context of risk analysis related to the effects of environmental and man-made disasters on existing built heritage and cultural heritage.
In this analysis the speed of response to the risk event has been identified as a priority: following a catastrophic event the ability to be prepared in a short time is the key to limiting damage, especially in museums where there is valuable historical and artistic heritage.
To this end, the main advantages identified in the BIM technology that could make major changes in this field, are certainly interoperability and the possibility of simulating the work process in a virtual way, using a constantly updated template. These and other innovative aspects will be discussed and analysed.
