ABSTRACT
Lattice girders are commonly used as temporary support in tunnel construction, providing shape control and, when encased in sprayed concrete, forming a composite structural element. Despite their widespread use, the structural benefit of lattice girders remains debated due to their discrete installation and localized reinforcement effect, which many argue contributes minimally to overall lining stiffness. This paper presents a 3D model that simulates the load-transfer mechanism of lattice girders in soft-ground tunnelling applications.
