ABSTRACT
As part of the expansion of the Milan-Naples highway near Florence, the new 980m San Donato Tunnel is being constructed parallel to an active tunnel. Excavation is conducted beneath groundwater using conventional methods, with a challenging 17m span through scaly argillite clay, which presents poor geotechnical properties. The proximity to existing tunnels and surface structures adds complexity, particularly in face stabilization and settlement control. A “Digital Twin” BIM model has been developed, continuously updated in real time with excavation progress, including cavity deformation, face extrusion, groundwater levels, and ground settlements. The model helps visualize and monitor the excavation, while convergence measurements of the adjacent tunnel assess the impact on pre-existing structures. Separately, a numerical deformation analysis is performed by calibrating geotechnical properties based on collected data to predict and optimize the design. This innovative integration of BIM with real-time monitoring enhances construction efficiency and offers new possibilities for future tunneling projects.
