ABSTRACT
The paper presents case studies on the construction of subway stations using shallow tunneling method (NATM-STM). The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the stations’ layout, geometry design, engineering geological and geotechnical conditions, and related measures. The first case study focused on the construction of the ADLT-L3 project, which involved the excavation of a link tunnel under the operating railway. The second case study examined the construction of the GUP, which presented challenges related to excavation through loose soil with low overburden. Lastly, the paper presents the construction of the M-L2E, utilizing the NATM with low overburden. The successful construction of these projects in the historical area and beneath underground water or operating railways and with consideration for permissible settlements was achieved through the utilization of NATM-STM. Overall, the paper systematically demonstrates the applicability of STM in theory and practice, serving as a reference for similar projects in the future.
