ABSTRACT
Immersed tunnel design and their construction can cause challenging conditions to the monitoring and the evaluation of their current condition and remaining lifespan. Historically, monitoring and inspection has been limited to periodic events, with detailed surveying only every few years, and visual inspections from inside of the tunnel in between. Recent years have seen a rise in innovative monitoring efforts, in an attempt to observe continuous deformation behaviors, and to generally keep a more direct finger on the pulse of a tunnel’s health. This includes a direction towards continuous monitoring, in an effort to capture the cyclic effects induced by tidal and temperature fluctuations. Overall, efforts are moving to be more proactive and interpret behaviors and symptoms earlier to better understand the total tunnel behavior.
