ABSTRACT
In places where water shortages are a big problem, using too many fossil fuels for water-table pumping makes extraction ratios worse, which makes climate change and global warming worse. Sustainable farming needs good groundwater management because population growth raises food needs. This study shows how Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be used with a K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithm to automatically guess what kind of crop it is (corn, wheat, or rice) and the best way to water it. Using sensors to measure soil wetness, temperature, humidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS), our system figures out on its own how much water each crop needs each day based on how it grows. Arduino UNO microcontrollers and the Adafruit bridge handle real-time sensor data, which lets precise irrigation scheduling happen without any help from a person. The Internet of Things Smart Irrigation System is introduced in this paper. It is a big step forward for modern farming. By giving farmers automated, data-driven insights, the system encourages farming methods that are good for the environment and last, while also making farming as efficient as possible. This new technology could help farmers grow more crops and protect important water sources in the long run. As the Internet of Things keeps getting better, this abstract shows a complete answer that could change agriculture by getting rid of the need for manual labour.
