ABSTRACT
Pharmacogenomics aims to personalize medicine by understanding how an individual’s genetic makeup affects their response to drugs. In this chapter, we discuss the multifaceted connections between genomics and drug response to highlight the transformative potential of this field in modern drug development. The key concepts of pharmacogenomics are also emphasized. We explore how genetic polymorphisms influence drug efficacy, metabolism, and adverse reactions. We also discuss pharmacogenomics techniques, including single nucleotide variant panels, next-generation sequencing, and computational approaches. The clinical applications of pharmacogenomics, spanning oncology, cardiovascular, infectious, and psychiatric diseases, are also emphasized. Furthermore, we address the associated ethical, legal, and social aspects. These include an individual’s right to privacy, who should have access to such testing, consent, and access disparities. The last section of the chapter discusses the limitations and challenges affecting the advancement and widespread use of pharmacogenomics. We also discuss future prospects, emphasizing the integration of multi-omics data and systems pharmacology, to gain societal benefits from pharmacogenomics.
