ABSTRACT
This study investigates how stakeholder collaboration fosters environmental sustainability within Ghana's real estate sector. It explores the roles and interactions of property managers, financial institutions, legal agents, district assemblies, and land stakeholders through ten in-depth interviews. Findings show that sustainability outcomes are strengthened by synergistic stakeholder interactions—e.g., financing aligned with enforceable contracts and operational tenant engagement. However, institutional tensions, capacity gaps, and misaligned incentives hinder progress. The study introduces a stakeholder synergy model grounded in stakeholder theory, socio-technical transitions, and environmental governance. A stakeholder-outcome matrix links actor roles to measurable environmental metrics. This integrated framework addresses a key gap in literature on multi-actor governance in developing contexts and offers practical planning tools to support sustainable real estate policy and practice. The study advances theoretical understanding by emphasizing power asymmetries and institutional interdependencies as central to sustainability delivery in emerging economies.
