ABSTRACT
The lack of an inclusive economy exacerbates inequality, particularly impacting disadvantaged communities in underdeveloped regions. This condition has driven government initiatives to develop tourism sectors as a strategy to stimulate economic growth and reduce regional disparities, especially outside Java. However, empirical studies examining the relationship between population, education, and economic inclusiveness remain limited. This study contributes to the literature on equitable economic development by utilising the Inclusive Development Index (Bappenas). Employing quantitative methods, the study uses regression data analysis from 2016 to 2019 across 514 districts and cities in Indonesia. By incorporating district-level panel data and comparing Java and non-Java regions, the study offers fresh insights into regional disparities. The findings reveal that population size has no significant effect on economic inclusiveness, while education exerts a positive influence. The study recommends further exploration of human resource development to support inclusive economic growth. Special attention should be directed toward non-Java regions, where targeted educational initiatives and strategic investments are crucial for bridging regional gaps and promoting sustainable and equitable development.
