ABSTRACT
This article examines how adaptive regulatory frameworks can foster green innovation for sustainable development. It analyses key Indonesian policies—Law No. 17/2023 on Health, Presidential Regulation No. 98/2021 on Carbon Economic Value, and Presidential Regulation No. 55/2019 on Battery Electric Vehicles—and their alignment with SDGs 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and 13 (Climate Action). Using a normative legal research approach, findings suggest that despite promoting environmental sustainability, gaps persist in integrating harm reduction and incentivising green innovation. For instance, revisions to Law No. 32/2009 reduce penalties for environmental violations, potentially weakening enforcement. Comparative insights from Germany and Norway show that robust policy ecosystems, including tax incentives and international collaboration, accelerate green technological advancements. This research underscores the urgency for Indonesia to refine its regulatory frameworks, ensuring they adapt and drive innovations that balance economic growth with environmental preservation.
