ABSTRACT
In response to the critical need for maintaining optimal efficiency in solar energy systems, this paper intro-duces a Smart Solar Panel Cleaner which is making use of NodeMCU, designed to autonomously detect and remove dust and moisture accumulations on solar panels. The buildup of dust, dirt, and environmental particles on panel surfaces significantly reduces solar energy absorption, with studies indicating up to a 30% loss in efficiency under neglected conditions. This system employs a GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor and FC-28 moisture sensor to monitor environmental variables in real- time, assessing when cleaning is necessary based on threshold values set for dust and moisture levels. Upon detection of contaminants beyond the threshold, the Node-MCU microcontroller activates servo motors, which drive a cleaning mechanism (such as a brush or wiper) across the panel surface. Additionally, a water pump is employed as needed to aid in cleaning, thus ensuring comprehensive removal of particulate matter and residues. Testing was conducted under varying environmental conditions to evaluate the system's responsiveness and efficiency, with results showing consistent enhancement of panel performance post-cleaning. By automating the cleaning process, the system addresses the labor-intensive and time- consuming challenges of manual cleaning, especially for large-scale solar farms and rooftop panels in hard-to-reach locations. Moreover, the system operates with minimal water usage, aligning with sustainable practices essential for regions facing water scarcity. The findings demonstrate that automated, NodeMCU-based solar panel cleaners can significantly reduce the operational costs associated with manual cleaning, minimize energy losses due to dust accumulation, and in-crease the longevity of solar installations. This research contributes to the broader objective of advancing renewable energy technologies through autonomous solutions that promote sustainability and efficiency in energy generation systems.
