ABSTRACT
This paper presents a compact wideband semi-fractal square patch antenna designed for Ku-band applications. Fractal geometries, known for their self-similar and space-efficient characteristics, are widely adopted in microwave and wireless systems. The proposed antenna applies Koch geometry to achieve enhanced bandwidth performance. A 40 mm × 40 mm square patch, excited through a coaxial feed, serves as the primary radiating element. The structure is realized on an FR4 epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a thickness of 1.6 mm, and an overall size of 45 mm × 45 mm. Two rectangular slots are introduced in the ground plane to improve impedance matching and bandwidth response. Simulation results indicate that the antenna operates effectively from 14 GHz to 20 GHz, covering essential portions of the Ku-band used in satellite communication. The entire design and performance analysis were carried out using ANSYS HFSS v17.
