ABSTRACT
The Great Duck Island Project utilizes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to measure environmental conditions with limited lifespans and more maintenance due to the nodes being battery-powered. Sunlight converted to Power is an alternative that provides environmentally friendly and efficient operation of the nodes, stabilizing the microclimate on the island and reducing the impact of the environment. This research is aimed at the integration of photovoltaic cells and energy storage systems into WSN nodes situated on the island. In this manner, the research portrays the theory in that solar-powered nodes are more efficient in capturing and storing energy even when the light levels are low due to the use of advanced energy management protocols. Among the vital aspects to be considered are maximizing energy harvesting efficiency, energy storage optimization, and guarantee of reliable performance under various environmental conditions. The recorded results are a strong testimony to the fact that the node, when powered by solar, is much more reliable than the node that is powered by a battery. The study justifies solar energy as a durable method of offering a WSN model that can function even in a dark area, contributing to ecological monitoring that lasts long and involves only basic maintenance.
