ABSTRACT
The global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise, with Yogyakarta, Indonesia, reporting an increasing trend in DM prevalence. Addressing DM risk factors aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to examine the relationships between individual characteristics, metabolic factors, and physical activity with the risk of DM in Yogyakarta. Data were sourced from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research, involving 6,407 participants. The analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and Binary Logistic Regression. The prevalence of DM in Yogyakarta was found to be 4.8%. Factors significantly associated with DM risk included age, gender, education level, occupation, residence, hypertension, nutritional status, and physical activity. Individuals aged ≥60 years (OR 11.69, CI 95% 7.46–17.87, p-value 0.001), those with high blood pressure (OR 4.79, CI 95% 3.79–6.05, p-value 0.001), and those with insufficient physical activity (OR 2.09, CI 95% 1.59–2.73, p-value 0.001) were at higher risk. This study highlights the need for enhanced DM prevention and early detection efforts in Yogyakarta. Stakeholders should prioritise optimising prevention programs, increasing health promotion, and implementing regular DM screening initiatives.
