ABSTRACT
The increasing use of antibiotics for treating acne caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis contributed to rising antibiotic resistance. Bacteria associated with Holothuria leucospilota offer potential antibacterial agents due to their production of compounds similar to their host. This study aims to identify bacteria associated with H. leucospilota from Pramuka Island, evaluate their antibacterial activity against acne-causing pathogens (P. acnes and S. epidermidis), and analyse their secondary metabolite content. Twelve bacterial isolates were obtained from the internal parts and five from the external parts of H. leucospilota, all exhibiting round, white to milky-white colonies, coccus-shaped cells, and Gram-negative characteristics. Eleven bacterial fractions demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with fractions AE-5 and AI-7 showing the strongest effects, likely due to the presence of triterpenoid compounds.
