ABSTRACT
The construction industry is responsible for about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable practices. To achieve the net-zero target by 2050 it is essential to focus on renovation and extension practices as well as new construction methods, especially in densely populated areas. However, effective renovation practices require a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of building structures over time. This paper discusses the historical development of different construction materials and methods from 1880 to the present, analyzing the key driving factors such as thermal insulation, seismic safety, and fire protection regulations. From the perspective of structural systems, buildings are categorized into three main categories. Through an analysis of the potentials and limitations of these different structural systems and building categories, this research aims to provide insights that will inform future targeted approaches in the renovation and extension of the existing buildings given their inherent capabilities.
