Predictive modeling of concrete carbonation in urban tunnels using experimental data

Concrete carbonation reduces the pH of the cementitious matrix, which can potentially lead to reinforcement corrosion. In urban tunnels, where CO₂ concentrations are elevated, accurately assessing the progress of carbonation is essential for planning maintenance and repair actions. This study presents a predictive model for concrete carbonation in such environments, based on established formulations and calibrated through a dedicated laboratory experimental campaign. The model effectively estimates carbonation depth and porosity evolution, providing a reliable tool for service-life assessment of concrete in urban tunnel conditions.