ABSTRACT
Portland cement is the typical binding material applied in civil engineering works. A prodigious quantity of concrete is required for the ongoing construction of grand infrastructure projects. However, the cement industry emits greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) and harmful smokes in huge extents into the atmosphere. Additionally, the production of Portland cement is a highly energy-exhaustive process that is mostly consumed during the manufacturing of clinker. The application of cement in construction can be lessened by substituting it with different byproduct cementitious material having equivalent or greater strength and durability. It will be the finest effort to create eco-friendly cement. The chapter examines the effect of the cement industry on the ecosystem and presents the context to the need for the development of substitute binders such as geopolymers over traditional binders like cement.
