ABSTRACT
Batteries are extremely important for electrical vehicles (EVs) and for the storage of electricity generated by wind and solar power that is to be delivered using the electrical grid. Because annual sales of batteries are projected to increase to more than $100 billion per year, there are many companies involved in research and development of new batteries. Most batteries for EVs today are lithium-ion batteries. With so many research groups, however, there is ongoing work regarding different materials that can be used for batteries, as well as different battery designs. The prices of batteries for EVs have decreased from more than $1000/kWh in 2010 to less than $200/kWh in 2018, and further decreases are expected. There are many challenges in developing batteries, including the effects of temperature, repeated charging and discharging, energy density, cost of materials, power flow rate, and more.
