ABSTRACT
The outstanding structure and properties of biofabricated bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) hydrogels allow the design of novel types of bio-active medical implants in an effective way. In particular, the hierarchical three-dimensional nanofiber network, which is similar to collagen, the high water content, the control of biotechnological production, and 176proven biocompatibility provide an excellent basis. This chapter assembles current knowledge in the research, development, and application of BNC implants regarding cardiovascular and joint diseases. The topics include the design of flat inlays for cartilage repair and tubular vascular grafts. Shaping, structure control, and composite formation directly during biosynthesis will be discussed in detail. The comprehensive characterization of the implants, including interaction with living cells and animal studies, are presented.
