ABSTRACT
The Gili Islands in Eastern Indonesia lie in the Coral Triangle, the most biodiverse region of the oceans. Unfortunately, the Gili Islands coral reefs have experienced substantial deterioration and destruction within the last two decades, mostly due to human activities causing marine resources overexploitation, destructive fishing methods like bombs and poisons, coral “heatstroke” from global warming, land-based sewage, global sea-level rise, overfishing, and direct physical damage from boats, anchors, tourists, reef harvesting, and coral diseases, compounded by the absence of appropriate management, poor enforcement capacity, and a lack of environmentally sound alternative sources of livelihood.
