ABSTRACT
Reactive, ion beam, and magnetron sputtering techniques, for instance, are some well-known modified methods. From the modus operandi point of view, sputtering technique uses mechanical approach rather than chemical or thermal approach in coating a substrate. The idea of developing silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite is largely based on the role of silicon ions in bone and the excellent bioactivity of silica-based glasses and glass ceramics. Coating—substrate interface is another important factor that needs to be considered for an hydroxyapatite -coated bone implant. The mechanical integrity and the adhesion strength of the coating—substrate interface are influenced by annealing and the types of annealing and surface condition used. Cell spreading was less pronounced, displaying underdeveloped lamellipodia on the uncoated substrate. Suttering can be considered as a versatile coating technique since it is able to coat a variety of substrates with thin films of electrically conductive and nonconductive materials.
