ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses in particular the implications of the loss of pastoral mobility, asking what sustaining mobility might imply in current contexts. It argues that an understanding of dynamic rangeland ecologies is essential, yet traditional responses involving long-range transhumance may also no longer be feasible. Linking the understanding of the dynamic ecological settings with new forms of livelihoods is a key challenge for future pathways of pastoralism in Africa. The chapter explains the increased sedentarization of pastoralists, the loss of key grazing and drought reserve resources to alternative uses and the radical transformation of pastoral land use overall. Among the new livelihood possibilities, agro-pastoralism has offered traditional pastoralists new opportunities to integrate the production of herds and the cultivation of crops. Alternative modes of resource exploitation are emerging, with multiple forms of innovation among pastoralists in response to new shocks and stresses.
