Authoritarian resilience is a complex phenomenon, which a new wave of research helps us to understand better. Autocratization does not happen only in democracies, rather it can also happen in already authoritarian countries. As higher power concentration is associated with both increased war-proneness and domestic repression, autocratization trends should not be understated. In the Chinese case, researchers disagree whether increased power concentration is a sign of regime strength or weakness. As the first step towards solving this puzzle, elements of authoritarian governance have to be described in detail and measured if possible. This chapter provides a framework for understanding changing levels of power concentration and how they might be linked with authoritarian resilience. It looks at elite level dynamics in China and discusses elements of power concentration including personalization, administrative centralization, and state control over economic assets. There is a general trend of deepening autocratization during Xi Jinping’s regime. Institutional arrangements in existing institutions such as Party bodies and the People’s Liberation Army, innovation of new institutions, and purges of opponents show a clear trend of power concentration. Before the Xi era, the central government shared power with regional administrations and China’s level of fiscal decentralization was relatively high in international comparison. More recently, the tide has turned towards increasing centralization. In the economic realm, China’s development model has many features ensuring Party control. New forms of control such as the social credit system have emerged along with traditional measures, such as state control of the financial sector and special arrangements guiding state-owned companies.