ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book discusses circularity and sustainability of valorisation from different angles. It addresses valorisation of acid whey and explicitly reflects upon the sustainability of valorisation of side-streams. The book shows that new sustainability challenges can occur when the size of production increases. It also shows that quantitative studies can be an important source of insight into the bioeconomy, but that designing such studies is problematic and the riddled with challenges. The book points out that the bioeconomy can also be studied using a wide range of different datasets such as R&D statistics, firm-level data and surveys. It explores how specific regional contexts affect the emergence of novel pathways for valorising forestry residues.
