ABSTRACT
Public demand for housing in Angola’s cities is enormous, and while the post-war economy impacted the real estate market’s higher end, it bypassed the country’s informal settlements, where over two-thirds of capital Luanda’s residents live. To address the housing shortfall and lay the groundwork to fulfil commitments to global agendas like the MDGs, SDGs, and NUA, the Angolan government launched the Urbanization and Housing Programme (PNUH), which tasked four sectors – private, public, cooperatives, and state-assisted self-builders – to construct one million units. However, the extent to which the PNUH provided housing for the urban poor or met the principles and objectives of global urban development agendas, have not been well monitored. This chapter presents deeply co-produced research that assesses the outcomes and beneficiaries of the PNUH by comparing results from the four PNUH sectors to outcomes from the ‘social production of housing’ (i.e., building with no government support) and slum upgrading. While the research concludes that the major budget allocations to the PNUH largely failed to reach target beneficiaries, it goes on to propose new and concrete approaches to advancing the nation’s commitments to the NUA and the goal of building sustainable and equitable cities that leave no one behind.
