ABSTRACT
The imperative of the 21st century is how cities respond to challenges presented by climate change. Urban resilience will be defined by those cities whose populations will be displaced en masse or by the cities that receive those displaced populations from around the globe. Forced migration, managed retreat, and strategic location are among the terms used to reference the current crisis. This chapter examines current resilient design and risk management strategies in New York City and Japan within the realms of urban planning, policy, design, and construction.
