ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the effects of experiences in violence will be reviewed. Despite the vast body of literature outside of sport demonstrating the health and developmental impacts of adverse childhood experiences, research on the effects of violence in sport is in its infancy. The general findings from both bodies of literature indicate that all forms of violence can have detrimental effects on one’s sense of self and sense of worthiness, interpersonal relationships, academic performance, and health outcomes later in life. Each form of violence may have independent effects although the co-occurrence of forms of violence is common and is associated with more serious outcomes. The effects of violence in childhood may not manifest until later in life and may manifest even if the experience is not appraised as violent at the time. The research on the effects of children’s experiences of violence is important given potential long-term health and developmental implications and the need to highlight the negative impacts of all forms of violence.
