ABSTRACT
What are the consequences of making cyberspace increasingly reliant on satellites and other types of space infrastructure? What is the meaning and significance of an interplanetary cyberspace? The chapter addresses these developments specifically concerning infrastructure, militarization, and privatization. The consequences observed are summed up as fragmentation, vulnerability, and uncertainty. Cyberspace in space implies fragmentation in terms of stakeholders and governance, and ultimately in terms of power and accountability. Vulnerability increases as cyberspace becomes satellite based; space is certainly not a safe environment, and satellites can be attacked by anti-satellite weapons as well as new forms of hacking and denial of service. Uncertainty is tremendous not only concerning what specific technologies will be used, but more importantly regarding what norms, principles, and ideas will prevail.
