ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an analysis of a complex web of extractivisms where digital and data extractivisms intersect with natural resource extractivisms in their underlying logic and processes. It looks at how the lens of extractivism can be applied to new areas and resources, such as data, and how these various extractivisms drive and reinforce each other. It highlights the need to delineate distinct types of digital extractivisms and sketches out the web that connects data extractivism with natural resource extractivism. This chapter gives an overview of how data extractivism occurs and delves into the types of violence that occur when the extractivist logic is applied in the digital realm. Finally, there are examples of how violence and toxicity in the digital realm can translate into physical violence.
