ABSTRACT
Extractivism characterizes the modern era. People define extractivism in publication as a particular way of thinking and the properties and practices organized towards the goal of maximizing benefit through extraction, which brings in its wake violence and destruction. Extractivism plays out particularly brutally at resource frontiers, invisible to the majority of the distant users of the commodities appropriated under this frontier-logic. The term extractivism derives from the Latin American concept of “extractivìsmo ,” which originally emerged in the 1970s to describe developments in the mining and oil export sectors. The concept of extractivism is related to and builds on a long prior tradition of political ecology and political economy critical of resource extraction, especially in Latin America, and focused particularly on excessive and highly conflictive mining expansion in the Andes region. A clear example of anthropocentric appropriation is the long and wide-ranging history of deforestation.
