ABSTRACT
This chapter is dedicated to the theoretical and methodological approaches that have been increasingly applied in recent empirical studies on LGBTQ athletes’ experiences. First, a critical look is taken at the use of the acronym LGBTQ and other central terms and concepts in research on gender and sexual minorities (GSM). As part of the examination of theoretical approaches, commonly used theoretical perspectives in research on GSM athletes, such as the concept of heteronormativity, theories of masculinity, and minority stress theory, are examined in more detail. With reference to the methodological approaches, the research corpus is critically discussed from four perspectives: study design, recruitment and sampling, reference points for experiences, and researcher positioning. To conclude, the findings are summarised, and recommendations for future research are briefly discussed.
