ABSTRACT
This chapter compares online manipulation enhanced by autonomous technologies to its more old-fashioned antecedents. We begin with an account of the general structure of manipulative practices and only then proceed to a more specific exploration of online manipulation that fits within it. The very question of manipulation raises important issues about the nature of agency and responsibility: what it takes to act knowingly, intentionally, voluntarily, freely, and so on. While these are crucial to the framing of our chapter, our chief aim is not to resolve such issues but to tackle the more focused question of whether there are kinds of agential risks (viz. dangers which we expose ourselves to in acting) that are specific to online manipulation.
