ABSTRACT
As for its literary achievements, they shone from the start so that the personal and social manners of people today are nowhere near [as civilized] as those in the first century of Islam. As for the mathematical and natural sciences and the discovery of the mysteries of the universe and the subsequent material works, they were not found amongst the Muslims until after the second condition (the absence of deterrence) was met. Sciences also traveled to the land of the Berbers where Tangiers, Fez, and Marrakech boasted centers of learning for scholars who rivaled those of the capitals of al-Andalus. As for Egypt, the treasure chest of the Muslim countries past and present, it followed the same pattern. The Muslims were full of enthusiasm for the different branches of astronomy and for all aspects of literature, including legends and stories and social accounts.
