ABSTRACT
The chapter presents the shaping of the Brazilian immigration policy during the post-war period and the debates concerning the type of desirable migrants. Abandoning its restrictive Interwar migration policy, Brazil signed bilateral migration agreements and, in 1952, became a member of ICEM with the purpose of facilitating the transport and integration of immigrants. The governments of Getúlio Vargas and Juscelino Kubitschek favored recruiting agricultural workers from abroad that would introduce new cultures and participate in the settlement of the interior, as well as skilled technicians, that were considered necessary for industrial development. Voluntary and international organizations, in partnership with the federal administration and state governments, participated in the transportation and reception of immigrants in Brazil. At the beginning of the 1960s, with a decline in the number of immigrants, the Brazilian government adopted a policy of selective migration for specific industrial sectors.
