ABSTRACT
Saudi Arabia’s quest to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 has motivated many energy-intensive sectors to seek avenues to transition to a low-carbon future. While the petrochemical sector is responsible for the majority of non-power-related emissions, mineral processing industries also emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Their contribution is predicted to increase substantially, as Saudi Arabia acts on its Vision 2030 to more than double its revenue from mining and mineral processing. This chapter focuses on four industries in Saudi Arabia: iron and steel, cement, aluminum, and phosphate. In particular, it discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, potential decarbonization approaches, and the role of hydrogen in reducing emissions. The chapter also includes a proposed pathway for hydrogen integration in different industries in the short, medium, and long terms. It finally highlights research and development needs and includes a case study on the HYBRIT iron reduction process using hydrogen for the production of green steel.
