ABSTRACT
Ammonia is a carbon-free alternative fuel that can replace fossil fuels in most energy systems. It is also a hydrogen carrier that is more cost-effective than hydrogen for liquefying, storing, and transporting. The production cost of ammonia depends highly on the cost of hydrogen production. Its utilization as a fuel is challenging because of its low energy density, low burning rate, and nitric oxide emissions. Ammonia cracking to recover hydrogen has its own challenges such as the energy required, purity of the hydrogen produced, and operation at high pressure. This chapter examines the above issues and provides a techno-economic analysis of producing, transporting, and cracking green ammonia. In particular, it assesses the cost and viability of using different combinations of renewable technologies to produce ammonia in northwestern Saudi Arabia and exporting it to Germany for use as a fuel or a source of hydrogen.
