ABSTRACT
Diabetes accounts for >6 million deaths and >90% of all cases are type-2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is largely attributable to a small number of modifiable risk factors, particularly high body mass index/waist circumference. The risk of developing diabetes, which results in micro- and macrovascular complications (particularly cardiovascular disease), is increasing in most countries because of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. Interventions for the prevention of T2D largely coincide with those to prevent or curb overweight in the population (healthy diet, physical activity, weight control). While treatment for type-1 diabetes always requires insulin, control of T2D relies on a healthy lifestyle and diet, particularly weight control, blood glucose-lowering medications and medications that reduce CVD risk. A number of glucose-lowering medications are available and medications that concurrently reduce body weight and have a protective cardiovascular effect are increasingly used. Effective long-term care requires partnerships between patients and multiple healthcare professionals and implies strong health systems.
