ABSTRACT
Standardized language tests are widely used in pK-12 and higher education for admissions, placement, certification, and graduation requirements. Despite their prevalence, many educators and administrators lack a deep understanding of these tests, including how they are designed and ought to be interpreted. In this chapter we aim to demystify standardized exams by describing how they are developed; what they are used for; what impact they have on curricula, learners, and instructors; and how they might be (mis)used at the local level. We begin by briefly discussing the history of standardized language tests and make the case for their use in language programs. We also describe two standardized exams commonly used in post-secondary language programs, reviewing relevant research pertaining to the usefulness of these tests for making accurate inferences of candidates’ language ability, i.e., validity argument. Finally, we offer recommendations for how best to maximize their utility in the local context by providing guiding questions for selecting which tests to accept, and how exam preparation can help students acquire the requisite language skills needed to be successful.
