ABSTRACT
New initiatives in the WTO, in Preferential Trade Agreements, and in the Carbon Border Adjustment space render the international ‘trade and environment’ debate almost unrecognizable in comparison with even a decade ago. At the same time, the underlying structure and purposes of international economic regulation remain the same, raising questions about how far these initiatives can take us in the pressing transition to an environmentally renovated global economy. International economic cooperation is one of the forms of international cooperation that can most help achieve the outcomes needed on the major challenges of climate change, pollution, and the global biodiversity crisis. International courts’ and tribunals’ advisory opinions on climate change are a wake-up call and a reminder that wider international law may well mandate such cooperation.
