ABSTRACT
Forests are the source of many cultural ecosystem services (CES) around the world. Cultural ecosystem services from forests are well documented for every major forest biome. While some cultural services of forests are consistently found across different forest types, the type and emphasis of CES varies between plantations, protected forests, urban forests, cultural forests, and sacred forests. Care should be taken when assessing CES from forests to consider trade-offs between different services and how they accrue to different people. Global change factors threaten to alter forest composition and structure around the world and the impact of these changes on forest CES is still poorly understood. There is a need for future research on the impacts to forest CES of global change and the ways people manage forests to adapt to it.
