ABSTRACT
In agricultural landscapes, cultural ecosystem services (CES) significantly contribute to individuals’ physical, monetary, and mental well-being. However, the global trend of landscape simplification due to industrial agriculture puts these relationships at risk. This chapter critically analyzes the relationships between CES and agricultural landscapes through a systematic review. A total of 101 articles were analyzed, and two case studies described in depth. The results showed an increase in publications on CES in agricultural landscapes, with most studies concentrated in China and Europe, and pastures being the most studied coverage. Most studies evaluated multiple CES following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment classifications, focusing predominantly on aesthetic and recreational services. However, some studies proposed unique categories that better capture cultural values related to agriculture. Local inhabitants were the most considered participant groups in the research. Diverse methods were used to capture the complexity of CES, including mapping, surveys, focus groups, and expert consultations. Mixed methodologies were common, combining quantitative and qualitative data. This work emphasizes that culture plays a transversal role in agricultural practices and that the distinctions between tangible and intangible benefits are nuanced and delicate. It highlights the need for flexible, context-dependent CES valuation approaches that consider these relationships.
