ABSTRACT
This chapter assesses the framework for the repackaging of personal data by gatekeepers, currently being formed in the EU. It focuses on the political economy of data use as well as its economic and distributional outcomes. The starting point for the discussion is provided by the question whether data should be seen as a commodity or commons: Do the recently introduced EU-wide proposals and new regulations on data governance, such as the Digital Markets Act, Digital Services Act and Data Governance Act, lean towards the idea of data as a commodity or ‘data commons’? What are the rules of thumb for data repackaging? Finally, it analyzes how applicable legislation evolves and how it changes business dynamics in Europe and elsewhere.
