ABSTRACT
The chapter on civil service pension systems in European countries does not aim to document the respective legal regulations of the national systems. Rather, it first examines the question of how the promise of old-age security is inseparably linked to the emergence of modern statehood. Its historical development is examined using the examples of Germany and France. Differences between today’s pension systems are then described. The three-pillar model is used to classify the institutional design of national systems in relation to special systems. The direct practical relevance of this is clearly demonstrated by demographic development figures. In conclusion, the levers that play a role in the reform discussions are discussed.
