ABSTRACT
A variety of value management strategies have been offered by philosophers of science over the past half-century or so. Helen Longino proposed one such approach—Critical Contextual Empiricism (CCE)—in her landmark 1990 book Science as Social Knowledge. According to CCE, an epistemic community is capable of producing objective knowledge to the extent that it ensures any values operating in its domain are brought to light and scrutinized. The community does this through implementation of four norms: Recognized avenues for criticism, responsiveness to criticism, shared public standards, and tempered equality of authority. This chapter outlines Longino's approach to value management, reviews both longstanding and emerging criticisms raised against CCE in the literature, and considers possible avenues for expansion and further application of the approach.
Readers may be interested in these Handbook chapters as well: Juliana Gutiérrez Valderrama, “Values in Global Science and the Relevance of Geographic Diversity”; Bennett Holman and T. Y. Branch, “Reflecting on Responses to the New Demarcation Problem”; Abigail Nieves Delgado, et al., “The Limits of Diversity in Science: The Case of Human Microbiome Research”.
