ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the evolution debate in modern Spain, highlighting the interplay between religion and science. Using a multidimensional approach with interviews, focus groups, and analyses of media and parliamentary discourse, the chapter argues that evolution theory is broadly accepted in Spain, contrasting with some global contexts. Evolution concepts have permeated popular culture and collective consciousness. However, the relationship between religion and science is not always nonconfrontational. Contentious dynamics arise when addressing specific subjects that serve as symbolic markers, acting as catalysts for broader ideological struggles. Notably, gender and reproductive issues, such as abortion, LGBTIQ+ rights, and more recently, euthanasia, have become central themes shaping the public debate about science and religion. Far-right groups frame these debates within a ‘life culture’ versus ‘death culture’ dichotomy, merging scientific, religious, and cultural narratives to push their political agendas. This chapter delves into these intricate dynamics, illuminating the factors that impact the perception of the religion–science debate in Spain.
