Introduction

This chapter provides an overview of Portugal's recent historical trajectory, emphasizing pivotal moments such as the collapse of the Estado Novo dictatorship, European integration, and responses to global economic crises. It begins by examining the genetic imprints of the longest dictatorship in Western Europe and delving into the legacies of the democratization process, which have profoundly shaped Portugal's societal, political, and economic landscape. It then scrutinizes Portugal's integration into the European Union and the country's path towards modernization and economic growth in the last decades. The chapter also highlights the challenges faced during the Eurozone crisis, including austerity measures and social unrest. Despite successful efforts to navigate economic hardships, Portugal continues to grapple with issues such as high public debt and inefficiencies in resource allocation, underscoring the complexities of its contemporary landscape.