ABSTRACT
Crime has long been viewed as an offence against the State, with prosecution aimed at punishing the offender. However, with the rise of violent crimes in parts of Africa and the urgent need to stem the tide, countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya have developed strategies emphasising reformation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of offenders. Legislation in many African countries also gives extensive recognition to the defendants’ human rights at every stage of the criminal justice process. Ironically, the victim of crime is often alienated from this process and left without protection or remedy. Recently, countries have begun incorporating victims’ rights into criminal justice frameworks, reflecting the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 16 on peace, justice, and strong institutions and Goal 11 of the 2063 AU Agenda. Inclusion which is a key element of justice under the SDG requires recognising the rights of victims, especially victims of violent crimes. This chapter examines victims’ rights protection for violent crimes in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya and explores how victimology theories can enhance such protection. The chapter argues that justice involves three key elements: justice for the offender, the state, and the victim. The chapter recommends comprehensive mechanisms and social support structures to promote victims’ rights and ensure justice for everyone.
