ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the unique development of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics research in Japan, shaped by cultural and historical factors. While science fiction has inspired AI researchers worldwide, Japan’s relationship with science fiction, such as Astro Boy, has played a particularly influential role in public perceptions of AI and robotics. This chapter argues that Japan’s post-World War II ban on military technology directed AI and robotics research toward civilian and life-saving applications. The author examines how these cultural and political factors led to innovations in biomimetic and humanoid robots, including Japan’s leadership in human-robot interaction (HRI) and human-agent interaction (HAI) research. This chapter underscores the global nature of AI technologies while cautioning against explanations based solely on cultural differences, advocating for a broader perspective on AI’s development and influence.
